Does a cruise ship job allow you to actually see different countries?

If you can go ashore while the ship is docked (wherever) depends on your work schedule and the port manning schedule.

And sometimes your nationality,because some countries do not let certain nationalities go ashore (which is rare)

Some cruise ship jobs such as a entertainer often are able to get off in the ports. But jobs such as a room steward or a bartender rarely have the time to get off the ship. These people often get only 1 day or less off a month and therefore do not have time tp explore. But if you stay an employee for a long time, then most likely you will be able to see some of the ports. I have talked to many room stewards and bartenders about this and they usually say that what they see is only what you can see out a window.

not necessarily. You go where you are needed and sometimes crew can be sent back to the same ship over and over again. I know some who's worked for years and have only been on like 2 different ships and not seen many places. You can request but they'll put you where they need you.Of course going ashore depends on the job and how many hours you work but most people get some time off.

When you work on a cruise ship, every day is a work day. There are no days off.

Many cruise employees do get a small amount of time off in the various ports. Not every person gets to get off at every port, but they do try to rotate them so they can get off occasionally for a few hours.

You will see that the employees tend to congregate around where the free WiFi hotspots are on shore, so if you want to get free WiFi, ask a crew member where to find one.

They know all the hotspots in all of the ports.

depending on what job, but overall, your time ashore will be more limited than the guests, because you are a crew/staff.

Once every 17 days for 6 hours.

Nope.